National Library of Israel: Ms.Heb.8333.188
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ذخیره داده‌های پایگاه شرق مکنون

با انتخاب یکی از گزینه‌های زیر، ذخیره‌سازی متن تمامی نتایج جستجویتان در پایگاه داده‌های شرق مکنون شروع می‌شود.

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محتوا

This is a literary fragment that has been detached from a codex, dealing with the ancient Iranian festivals of nawrūz and sada.

تاریخ

(Dates unknown)

جزئیات

Ms.Heb.8333.188
National Library of Israel
Bamiyan Papers
Silver (given following internal peer review)
New Persian (Arabic script)
Literary text

توصیفات فیزیکی

paper
Good condition bifolio, holes where thread bound the quire, 14 lines on each of the four sides, black ink fragmentary text
17.8
18.0

اشخاص

نشریات مرتبط

  • Shaked, Shaul. 2018. ‘Yima in a Newly Discovered Manuscript’. In Arj-i Khirad: Jashnnama-yi Ustad Jalal Khalighi Mutlagh [The Value of Wisdom: Festschrift for professor Jalal Khalighi Mutlagh], edited by Farhad Aslani and Masoume Pourtaghi. Morvarid Publishing. Pp. 21-28
  • https://invisibleeast.web.ox.ac.uk/article/document-month-1125-history-two-iranian-festivals

شماره قفسههای مرتبط

داده‌های پایگاه دیجیتال شرق مکنون

1290
28/07/2025
24/05/2026

ارجاعات

Arezou Azad
Mateen Arghandehpour, Nabi Saqee, Nadia Vidro, Pejman Firoozbakhsh
The transcription and translation are the original work of the IEDC Team (as yet unpublished in peer-review print)
See 'How to Cite'
https://www.invisible-east.org/fa/corpus/1290/
Images of this Text displayed on this web page are provided by National Library of Israel.
© National Library of Israel, All rights reserved.
If you wish to reproduce these images please contact National Library of Israel.

تماس

invisible_east@conted.ox.ac.uk (Please include the above permalink when contacting the editorial team about this Text)
برگ‌ها
1. recto
برچسبها
نسخه‌برداری
ترجمه
2. verso
برچسبها
نسخه‌برداری
ترجمه
نسخه‌برداری
Folio:

Right side (page 4)

بشاذي آتشي بزرک بِکر 1
ذند وֹ نشاط و شاذي 2
همي کَرذند هرْ کسي 3
بجَای خویش. و اِین 4
نیز باِتفاق جنان او 5
فتاذ کِه همْ روز 6
آبان بود. ڛذه نَام 7
نهاذند  وֹ سذه‌ی نخستین 8
محکَمْ‌ تر کِرْذند تا بڔ 9
وزکَارِ جمْ. جون جَمْ پدیذَار 10
آمد و بَاذشایي بیافت 11
وֹز ایزذ او را تاییدهَا 12
بوذ جه بروزکار اندڔ 13
خلل آمذَه بود و تبا َهي 14

Left side (page 1)

و تَبَاهي اندَرْ روزکَاڔ 15
و ڛڛتی روزبروز 16
نیز همی کشت تا بوقت 17
جَمْ. جون جم بَاذشایي 18
بِکِڔفت وَز ایزد او 19
راَ تَاییدها بُوذ جنانك 20
بیش ازَانْ کڛ رَا 21
نبوذَه بود جم بتد بیر 22
کَارهَا استوارْ 23
کَرْذ سده تا زه 24
کَرْد .هَرْ ایینی کِه 25
بیش ازَان بوذَه بوذ نیکو 26
تر اَزَان بڛاخت. جون 27
کار آرَام کڔِفت وֹ آبْ 28

Right side (page 2)

بَاذْشاهي و فرْمَان بُرْ 1
ذَاري بجای بازْآمَذ 2
رسمهَا نیکو بنهَاذ. اور 3
مزد ماه فرورذین 4
روزْ بنِشڛتند بجشن 5
کرْدَن نوْروز. جنین کفْت 6
کِه این نوروز اڛت 7
که کار جهان بَازرسم 8
و ذاذْ آمد و فَڛاد کمْ شد 9
وֹ بَذَان دور کرذ. آن روز 10
جشن کرذَند وֹ نوروز 11
نَام کرذند. جون کاڔ 12
برو قرار کِرِفت 13
وهڔ کسٚي بکارِ خویش باز 14

Left side (page 3)

آوردْ بَاز جَاي خویش 15
و دست بیدَاذکَرَان 16
کوتَه کَرْذ و کَار جهَان 17
ڔوي بَآباذَاني نهاذ. 18
کشتهَا بڛیار بِکردَنْد 19
وֹ هَرْ کسِي بکار خویش 20
بَاز شدند. جون زمڛتان 21
بکذَشت و بَرْفها بکذَ 22
اخت مَرْذمان بشا 23
ذیها بدَشت بیرون 24
شذند. کشتها ڛبز 25
بدیذَند نیکو کفتند برهَا 26
نیکوتر شده‌ست وَ 27
برهَا امڛال نیکوترڛت 28
ترجمه
Folio:

Right side (page 4)

1 With great joy, they built large fires,
2 drank and made merry; everyone in
4 their own place. And this
5 [event] happened to fall
6 on the tenth day of the month (of bahman?), and it was named sada.
8 The fostered the original sada 
9 until
10 Jam’s time. When Jam appeared [on the scene]
11 and assumed the kingship --
12 with much support from god [and]
13 because of the chaos and corruption that abounded

Left side (page 1)

14 The corruption of the time and
15 impotence that abounded
16 continued until the era of
17 Jam. After Jam assumed the kingship,
18 with the support of god at
7 hitherto unseen levels,
8 he took care of
9 all matters with wisdom.
10 He revived the sada (?)
11 [festival], He improved all customs
12 that had pre-existed.
13 When
14 the situation became stable and the [good] reputation of

Right side (page 2)

1 the monarchy and rule
2 had been restored,
3 he put in place sound customs.
4 On the day of Ūrmazd (i.e. the 1st day) of month of farvardīn,
5 they would gather to celebrate
6 the new year (nawrūz). He spoke thus,
7 “Today is the new day
8 because order to the world
9 and justice have come, and depravity has vanished
10 and the villains have been kept at bay!” That day
11 they held a celebration and called it
12 nawrūz (“new day”).  After assuming power,
14 he reinstated everyone in their

 Left side (page 3)

15 original posts,
16 and disempowered the oppressors.
17 The affairs of the world
18 began to flourish.
19 They farmed a lot,
20 and everyone returned to
21 work. After the winters
22 when the snows melted,
23 the people would
24 go out into the meadows filled with joy.
25 They would see the green,
26 beautiful farms, and exclaim,
27 “How the quality of the produce has improved,
28 and this year’s harvest is even better!”
پالئوگرافی

This fragment is written in the angular script of a bookhand typical of the tenth century. The script is transitional between the angular scripts that characterised ninth- and tenth-century bookhands and the curvilinear scripts which began to appear in the tenth century. The baseline is very straight. Spaces are often left between letters — including those within the same word — in order to justify the page, a practice ultimately deriving from Kufic calligraphy. The letter kāf is mostly executed in its more archaic form, made up of a single stroke and featuring a long horizontal extension of two parallel lines. On line 11 of the left-hand side of the recto, however, a kāf more typical of curvilinear scripts also appears, made up of an inward-curving ligature with a separate stroke attached at the head. The bowls of letters such as nūn and sīn are perfectly rounded to form a semicircle, recalling the newly emerging curvilinear style.

 

Further Reading

 

 

Glossary

 

Angular — a script style in which letterforms are constructed using straight strokes meeting at sharp angles, without curves; characteristic of early Arabic bookhands and ‘New Style’ Qur’anic scripts

Baseline — the line on which letters sit

Bookhand — a script style associated with the copying of manuscripts, typically more formal and regular than documentary hands

Bowl — the rounded closed or semi-closed curve of a letter which descends below the baseline, as in wāw, qāf, nūn, and sīn

Curvilinear — a script characterised by long, rounded, flowing strokes, most evident in the loops of letters such as fā or ʿayn, and in the bowls of letters such as yāʾ or nūn; distinct from cursive

Justification — the process of aligning text so that both the left and right edges are flush with the margins, creating a clean, rectangular block of text

Kufic — an early angular Arabic script used in Qur’anic manuscripts from the eighth to tenth centuries, characterised by angular letterforms and horizontal page orientation

Ligature — the joining of two or more letters into a single connected stroke

Transitional script — a script which exhibits features of two distinct scribal traditions, reflecting a period of change between one dominant style and another

This fragment is written in the angular script of a bookhand typical of the tenth century. The script is transitional between the angular scripts that characterised ninth- and tenth-century bookhands and the curvilinear scripts which began to appear in the tenth century. The baseline is very straight. Spaces are often left between letters — including those within the same word — in order to justify the page, a practice ultimately deriving from Kufic calligraphy. The letter kāf is mostly executed in its more archaic form, made up of a single stroke and featuring a long horizontal extension of two parallel lines. On line 11 of the left-hand side of the recto, however, a kāf more typical of curvilinear scripts also appears, made up of an inward-curving ligature with a separate stroke attached at the head. The bowls of letters such as nūn and sīn are perfectly rounded to form a semicircle, recalling the newly emerging curvilinear style.

 

Further Reading

 

 

Glossary

 

Angular — a script style in which letterforms are constructed using straight strokes meeting at sharp angles, without curves; characteristic of early Arabic bookhands and ‘New Style’ Qur’anic scripts

Baseline — the line on which letters sit

Bookhand — a script style associated with the copying of manuscripts, typically more formal and regular than documentary hands

Bowl — the rounded closed or semi-closed curve of a letter which descends below the baseline, as in wāw, qāf, nūn, and sīn

Curvilinear — a script characterised by long, rounded, flowing strokes, most evident in the loops of letters such as fā or ʿayn, and in the bowls of letters such as yāʾ or nūn; distinct from cursive

Justification — the process of aligning text so that both the left and right edges are flush with the margins, creating a clean, rectangular block of text

Kufic — an early angular Arabic script used in Qur’anic manuscripts from the eighth to tenth centuries, characterised by angular letterforms and horizontal page orientation

Ligature — the joining of two or more letters into a single connected stroke

Transitional script — a script which exhibits features of two distinct scribal traditions, reflecting a period of change between one dominant style and another

National Library of Israel: Ms.Heb.8333.188: Folio (recto)
National Library of Israel: Ms.Heb.8333.188: Folio (verso)
نمایش عکس به لطف National Library of Israel